{ "fact_registry": { "B1": { "key": "source_a", "label": "Wikipedia: No-communication theorem \u2014 theorem statement" }, "B2": { "key": "source_b", "label": "Caltech Science Exchange \u2014 entanglement does not enable FTL communication" }, "B3": { "key": "source_c", "label": "Wikipedia: Faster-than-light communication \u2014 scientific consensus" }, "B4": { "key": "source_d", "label": "QSNP (EU Quantum Flagship) \u2014 debunking FTL entanglement myth" }, "A1": { "label": "Verified source count meeting disproof threshold", "method": "count(verified citations) = 4", "result": "4" } }, "claim_formal": { "subject": "quantum entanglement with pre-agreed measurement basis", "property": "number of independent authoritative sources confirming this is impossible", "operator": ">=", "operator_note": "This is a DISPROOF. The claim asserts entanglement enables FTL information transfer with a pre-agreed measurement basis. The no-communication theorem in quantum mechanics proves this is impossible: local measurement statistics are independent of the distant party's measurement choice, so no information can be encoded or decoded superluminally regardless of any pre-agreed protocol. We disprove the claim by finding >= 3 independent authoritative sources that confirm entanglement cannot transmit usable information FTL. The threshold of 3 reflects broad scientific consensus from independent institutions.", "threshold": 3, "proof_direction": "disprove" }, "claim_natural": "Quantum entanglement enables the transmission of usable information faster than the speed of light when the distant parties pre-agree on a measurement basis.", "citations": { "B1": { "source_key": "source_a", "source_name": "Wikipedia \u2014 No-communication theorem", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-communication_theorem", "quote": "It asserts that during the measurement of an entangled quantum state, it is impossible for one observer to transmit information to another observer, regardless of their spatial separation.", "status": "verified", "method": "full_quote", "coverage_pct": null, "fetch_mode": "live", "credibility": { "domain": "wikipedia.org", "source_type": "reference", "tier": 3, "flags": [], "note": "Established reference source" } }, "B2": { "source_key": "source_b", "source_name": "Caltech Science Exchange \u2014 Quantum Entanglement", "url": "https://scienceexchange.caltech.edu/topics/quantum-science-explained/entanglement", "quote": "Experiments have shown that this is not true, nor can quantum physics be used to send faster-than-light communications.", "status": "verified", "method": "full_quote", "coverage_pct": null, "fetch_mode": "live", "credibility": { "domain": "caltech.edu", "source_type": "academic", "tier": 4, "flags": [], "note": "Academic domain (.edu)" } }, "B3": { "source_key": "source_c", "source_name": "Wikipedia \u2014 Faster-than-light communication", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faster-than-light_communication", "quote": "The current scientific consensus is that faster-than-light communication is not possible, and to date it has not been achieved in any experiment.", "status": "verified", "method": "full_quote", "coverage_pct": null, "fetch_mode": "live", "credibility": { "domain": "wikipedia.org", "source_type": "reference", "tier": 3, "flags": [], "note": "Established reference source" } }, "B4": { "source_key": "source_d", "source_name": "QSNP (EU Quantum Flagship) \u2014 Debunking quantum myths", "url": "https://qsnp.eu/debunking-quantum-myths-entanglement-allows-faster-than-light-communication/", "quote": "The catch is that we are not actually sending any information.", "status": "verified", "method": "full_quote", "coverage_pct": null, "fetch_mode": "live", "credibility": { "domain": "qsnp.eu", "source_type": "unknown", "tier": 2, "flags": [], "note": "Unclassified domain \u2014 verify source authority manually" } } }, "extractions": { "B1": { "value": "verified", "value_in_quote": true, "quote_snippet": "It asserts that during the measurement of an entangled quantum state, it is impo" }, "B2": { "value": "verified", "value_in_quote": true, "quote_snippet": "Experiments have shown that this is not true, nor can quantum physics be used to" }, "B3": { "value": "verified", "value_in_quote": true, "quote_snippet": "The current scientific consensus is that faster-than-light communication is not " }, "B4": { "value": "verified", "value_in_quote": true, "quote_snippet": "The catch is that we are not actually sending any information." } }, "cross_checks": [ { "description": "Multiple independent sources consulted", "n_sources_consulted": 4, "n_sources_verified": 4, "sources": { "source_a": "verified", "source_b": "verified", "source_c": "verified", "source_d": "verified" }, "independence_note": "Sources are from 4 different institutions/publications: Wikipedia (community encyclopedia citing physics literature), Caltech (university research institution), Wikipedia FTL article (separate article with distinct references), QSNP/EU Quantum Flagship (European research consortium). All trace to independent primary physics research and the mathematically proven no-communication theorem." } ], "adversarial_checks": [ { "question": "Is there any credible peer-reviewed physics paper demonstrating FTL information transfer via entanglement with pre-agreed measurement bases?", "verification_performed": "Searched for: 'pre-agreed measurement basis entanglement superluminal signaling loophole scheme'. Reviewed results from arXiv, Physics Forums, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, and Wikipedia.", "finding": "No credible peer-reviewed source demonstrates FTL information transfer via entanglement. Proposed schemes (e.g., Gao Shan 2003) have been refuted. The no-communication theorem is mathematically proven under standard quantum mechanics. All search results confirm the impossibility.", "breaks_proof": false }, { "question": "Does pre-agreeing on a measurement basis create any loophole in the no-communication theorem?", "verification_performed": "Searched for: 'quantum entanglement FTL information transfer pre-agreed measurement basis impossibility'. Reviewed Physics Forums discussions and the arXiv paper 2001.08867.", "finding": "Pre-agreeing on a measurement basis does not create a loophole. The no-communication theorem proves that Bob's local measurement statistics are completely independent of Alice's measurement choice, regardless of any prior agreement. Each party sees random 50/50 outcomes locally; correlations only emerge when results are compared via a classical (light-speed-limited) channel.", "breaks_proof": false }, { "question": "Has any experiment ever demonstrated superluminal information transfer using quantum entanglement?", "verification_performed": "Searched for: 'quantum entanglement enables faster than light communication claim debunked physics'. Reviewed phys.org, Caltech, and QSNP articles.", "finding": "No experiment has ever demonstrated FTL information transfer. Wikipedia's Faster-than-light communication article states: 'The current scientific consensus is that faster-than-light communication is not possible, and to date it has not been achieved in any experiment.'", "breaks_proof": false } ], "verdict": "DISPROVED", "key_results": { "n_confirmed": 4, "threshold": 3, "operator": ">=", "claim_holds": true }, "generator": { "name": "proof-engine", "version": "0.10.0", "repo": "https://github.com/yaniv-golan/proof-engine", "generated_at": "2026-03-28" }, "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/quantum-entanglement-enables-the-transmission-of-u/proof.py" }