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        "Ludwig DS (2023). Carbohydrate-insulin model: does the conventional view of obesity reverse cause and effect? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B / PMC.",
        "Heini AF & Weinsier RL (1997). Divergent trends in obesity and fat intake patterns: the American paradox. American Journal of Medicine."
      ],
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    {
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      "verdict_filter": "partial",
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      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/cold-plunges-and-ice-baths-significantly-boost-metabolism-via-brown-fat/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "Ouellet et al., J Clin Invest 2012 (PubMed 22269323)",
        "van der Lans et al., J Clin Invest 2013 (PubMed 23867626)",
        "Scott & Fuller, Int J Mol Sci 2023 (PubMed 38203217)"
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      "source_names": [
        "Wikipedia: IEEE 754 floating-point standard",
        "Wikipedia: Division by zero",
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      "slug": "contrast-therapy-alternating-sauna-and-ice-bath-is-scientifically-proven",
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        "health"
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      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/contrast-therapy-alternating-sauna-and-ice-bath-is-scientifically-proven/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/contrast-therapy-alternating-sauna-and-ice-bath-is-scientifically-proven/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "PLOS One \u2014 Contrast Water Therapy and Exercise Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Higgins et al., 2013)",
        "PubMed \u2014 Effects of Cold Water Immersion and Contrast Water Therapy for Recovery From Team Sport: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Versey et al., 2017)",
        "PMC \u2014 Mechanisms and Efficacy of Contrast Therapy for Musculoskeletal Painful Disease: A Scoping Review (2025)"
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      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/cracking-your-knuckles-regularly-causes-arthritis/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "Harvard Health Publishing",
        "Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (Deweber et al. 2011)",
        "Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (Castellanos & Axelrod 1990)"
      ],
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    {
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      "verdict_category": "disproved-qualified",
      "verdict_filter": "disproved",
      "tags": [],
      "date": "2026-03-29",
      "proof_engine_version": "1.2.0",
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      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/current-ai-systems-have-already-achieved-artificia/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "Google DeepMind (Morris et al., 2023) \u2014 Levels of AGI paper (arXiv:2311.02462)",
        "Gary Marcus \u2014 'Rumors of AGI's arrival have been greatly exaggerated' (Substack)",
        "Cogni Down Under \u2014 'AGI Still Years Away' analysis (Medium)"
      ],
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      "has_citations": true
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      "slug": "current-ai-systems-in-2026-have-near-zero-hallucinations-and-human-level",
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      "verdict": "DISPROVED",
      "verdict_category": "disproved",
      "verdict_filter": "disproved",
      "tags": [],
      "date": "2026-03-31",
      "proof_engine_version": "1.3.1",
      "url": "/proof-engine/proofs/current-ai-systems-in-2026-have-near-zero-hallucinations-and-human-level/",
      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/current-ai-systems-in-2026-have-near-zero-hallucinations-and-human-level/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/current-ai-systems-in-2026-have-near-zero-hallucinations-and-human-level/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "Duke University Libraries Blog (January 2026)",
        "Vectara Hallucination Leaderboard Blog (2025)",
        "OpenAI SimpleQA benchmark paper (arXiv 2024)"
      ],
      "source_names_extra": 3,
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    },
    {
      "slug": "current-global-warming-is-primarily-driven-by-natu",
      "claim": "Current global warming is primarily driven by natural climate cycles rather than human CO2 emissions.",
      "verdict": "DISPROVED",
      "verdict_category": "disproved",
      "verdict_filter": "disproved",
      "tags": [
        "climate",
        "history"
      ],
      "date": "2026-03-28",
      "proof_engine_version": "1.0.0",
      "url": "/proof-engine/proofs/current-global-warming-is-primarily-driven-by-natu/",
      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/current-global-warming-is-primarily-driven-by-natu/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/current-global-warming-is-primarily-driven-by-natu/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "NOAA Climate.gov \u2014 Are humans causing or contributing to global warming?",
        "NOAA Climate.gov \u2014 What evidence exists that Earth is warming and humans are the main cause?",
        "NASA Science \u2014 Is the Sun causing global warming?"
      ],
      "source_names_extra": 0,
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      "slug": "daily-mindfulness-meditation-for-10-minutes-increa",
      "claim": "Daily mindfulness meditation for 10 minutes increases hippocampal volume by at least 1% within one month.",
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      "verdict_category": "disproved-qualified",
      "verdict_filter": "disproved",
      "tags": [],
      "date": "2026-03-28",
      "proof_engine_version": "0.10.0",
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      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/daily-mindfulness-meditation-for-10-minutes-increa/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/daily-mindfulness-meditation-for-10-minutes-increa/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "Harvard Gazette \u2014 'Eight weeks to a better brain' (reporting H\u00f6lzel et al. 2011, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 191(1):36\u201343)",
        "Psychology Today \u2014 'Mindfulness Doesn't Change Our Brains in Ways Once Thought' (reporting Kral et al. 2022, Science Advances)",
        "PubMed \u2014 H\u00f6lzel et al. 2011, 'Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density,' Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 191(1):36\u201343"
      ],
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    {
      "slug": "dark-energy-constitutes-more-than-68-of-the-univer",
      "claim": "Dark energy constitutes more than 68% of the universe's total energy density according to the Planck 2018 legacy release.",
      "verdict": "PROVED (with unverified citations)",
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      "date": "2026-03-28",
      "proof_engine_version": "0.10.0",
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      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/dark-energy-constitutes-more-than-68-of-the-univer/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/dark-energy-constitutes-more-than-68-of-the-univer/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "Planck Collaboration VI (2020), A&A 641, A6 \u2014 arXiv:1807.06209 (ar5iv HTML)",
        "UNLV Cosmic Parameters Reference (sourced from Planck 2018)"
      ],
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      "verdict": "DISPROVED",
      "verdict_category": "disproved",
      "verdict_filter": "disproved",
      "tags": [],
      "date": "2026-03-29",
      "proof_engine_version": "1.2.0",
      "url": "/proof-engine/proofs/deepfake-videos-are-now-indistinguishable-from-rea/",
      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/deepfake-videos-are-now-indistinguishable-from-rea/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/deepfake-videos-are-now-indistinguishable-from-rea/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "iScience (Deepfake detection with and without content warnings, N=1093)",
        "Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications (UF study, N=1901)",
        "Fortune (Prof. Siwei Lyu, UB Media Forensic Lab)"
      ],
      "source_names_extra": 0,
      "has_citations": true
    },
    {
      "slug": "detox-diets-and-juice-cleanses-actually-remove-tox",
      "claim": "Detox diets and juice cleanses actually remove toxins from the body.",
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      "verdict_category": "disproved",
      "verdict_filter": "disproved",
      "tags": [],
      "date": "2026-03-28",
      "proof_engine_version": "1.0.0",
      "url": "/proof-engine/proofs/detox-diets-and-juice-cleanses-actually-remove-tox/",
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      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/detox-diets-and-juice-cleanses-actually-remove-tox/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "University of Rochester Medical Center \u2014 Do Juice Cleanses Detox the Body?",
        "PubMed \u2014 Detox diets for toxin elimination and weight management: a critical review of the evidence (2015)",
        "Harvard Health \u2014 Harvard Health Ad Watch: What's being cleansed in a detox cleanse?"
      ],
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      "has_citations": true
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    {
      "slug": "earth-will-lose-gravity-for-exactly-7-seconds-on-a",
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      "verdict_filter": "disproved",
      "tags": [],
      "date": "2026-03-28",
      "proof_engine_version": "0.10.0",
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      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/earth-will-lose-gravity-for-exactly-7-seconds-on-a/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/earth-will-lose-gravity-for-exactly-7-seconds-on-a/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "BGR (citing NASA spokesperson confirmation)",
        "Daily Galaxy (citing NASA statement on the hoax)",
        "NASA Space Place (NASA official educational resource on gravity)"
      ],
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      "slug": "eating-eggs-significantly-raises-ldl-cholesterol-a",
      "claim": "Eating eggs significantly raises LDL cholesterol and heart-disease risk.",
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      "verdict_category": "disproved",
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      "tags": [
        "health"
      ],
      "date": "2026-03-28",
      "proof_engine_version": "1.0.0",
      "url": "/proof-engine/proofs/eating-eggs-significantly-raises-ldl-cholesterol-a/",
      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/eating-eggs-significantly-raises-ldl-cholesterol-a/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/eating-eggs-significantly-raises-ldl-cholesterol-a/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "Drouin-Chartier et al., BMJ 2020 (PMC7190072) \u2014 meta-analysis of 28 prospective cohort studies, 1,720,108 participants, 139,195 CVD events",
        "Kazemi et al., Eur J Nutr 2021 (PMC8137614) \u2014 dose-response meta-analysis of 39 prospective cohort studies, ~2M participants",
        "Zhu et al., Nutrients 2020 (PMC7400894) \u2014 meta-analysis of 17 RCTs in healthy subjects"
      ],
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    },
    {
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      "claim": "Eating the same calories late at night leads to significantly more weight gain and fat storage than earlier in the day.",
      "verdict": "PARTIALLY VERIFIED",
      "verdict_category": "partial",
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      "proof_engine_version": "1.3.1",
      "url": "/proof-engine/proofs/eating-the-same-calories-late-at-night-leads-to-significantly-more-weight-gain/",
      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/eating-the-same-calories-late-at-night-leads-to-significantly-more-weight-gain/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/eating-the-same-calories-late-at-night-leads-to-significantly-more-weight-gain/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "Gu et al. (2020) J Clin Endocrinol Metab \u2014 'Metabolic Effects of Late Dinner in Healthy Volunteers' (PMC/NIH)",
        "McHill et al. (2017) Am J Clin Nutr \u2014 'Later circadian timing of food intake is associated with increased body fat' (PMC/NIH)",
        "Harvard Gazette (2022) \u2014 reporting Vujovic et al. 2022 Cell Metabolism isocaloric crossover RCT"
      ],
      "source_names_extra": 1,
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    },
    {
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      "verdict_category": "disproved-qualified",
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      "tags": [
        "climate"
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      "proof_engine_version": "1.2.0",
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      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/electric-vehicles-have-a-larger-lifetime-carbon-fo/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/electric-vehicles-have-a-larger-lifetime-carbon-fo/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency",
        "FactCheck.org (citing ICCT global lifecycle analysis)",
        "Recurrent Auto (EV research and analytics)"
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      "source_names_extra": 1,
      "has_citations": true
    },
    {
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      "claim": "Extreme weather events (hurricanes, wildfires, floods) have become dramatically more frequent and intense solely because of climate change.",
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      "date": "2026-03-28",
      "proof_engine_version": "1.0.0",
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      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/extreme-weather-events-hurricanes-wildfires-floods/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/extreme-weather-events-hurricanes-wildfires-floods/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) \u2014 Global Warming and Hurricanes",
        "U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fact Sheet FS-076-03 \u2014 Effects of Urban Development on Floods",
        "PNAS Nexus \u2014 Wildfire risk management in the era of climate change (2024)"
      ],
      "source_names_extra": 1,
      "has_citations": true
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      "proof_engine_version": "0.10.0",
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      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/for-any-triangle-with-sides-a-b-c-where-a-b-c-then/proof.json",
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        "health"
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      "proof_engine_version": "1.3.1",
      "url": "/proof-engine/proofs/frequent-sauna-use-4-to-7-times-per-week-dramatically-lowers-risk-of-heart/",
      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/frequent-sauna-use-4-to-7-times-per-week-dramatically-lowers-risk-of-heart/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/frequent-sauna-use-4-to-7-times-per-week-dramatically-lowers-risk-of-heart/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "PubMed \u2014 Laukkanen T et al. 2015, JAMA Internal Medicine (KIHD cohort, n=2315, median follow-up 20.7 yr)",
        "PMC \u2014 Laukkanen T et al. 2018, BMC Medicine (OSTPRE cohort, n=1688, median follow-up 15.0 yr)",
        "PubMed \u2014 Laukkanen JA et al. 2018, Mayo Clinic Proceedings (systematic review)"
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      "claim": "GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic cause unavoidable major muscle loss and \"Ozempic face\" even with exercise and high protein intake",
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      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/glp-1-drugs-like-ozempic-cause-unavoidable-major-muscle-loss-and-ozempic-face/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/glp-1-drugs-like-ozempic-cause-unavoidable-major-muscle-loss-and-ozempic-face/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
        "Tinsley GM, Nadolsky S. SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 2025. Three patients performed resistance exercise 3\u20135 d/wk + high protein (1.6\u20132.3 g/kg FFM/d) during GLP-1 agonist treatment. DXA showed lean soft tissue preserved or net-gained in 2 of 3 cases; Case 1 lost only 8.7% of weight as lean mass vs. 26\u201340% expected without exercise.",
        "Codella R, Senesi P, Luzi L. Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare 2025. Narrative review of GLP-1 agonist pharmacotherapy and exercise interventions.",
        "Apovian C, Yerevanian A, Dushay J. Mass General Advances in Motion 2025. Clinical guidance on preserving lean body mass during GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy."
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      "verdict_filter": "partial",
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      "proof_engine_version": "1.3.1",
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      "json_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/grounding-or-earthing-through-barefoot-contact-with-the-earth-measurably/proof.json",
      "proof_py_url": "/proof-engine/proofs/grounding-or-earthing-through-barefoot-contact-with-the-earth-measurably/proof.py",
      "source_names": [
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        "Trommelen J, van Lieshout GAA, Nyakayiru J, Holwerda AM, Smeets JSJ, Hendriks FK, van Kranenburg JMX, Zorenc AH, Senden JM, Goessens JPB, Gijsen AP, van Loon LJC. The anabolic response to protein ingestion during recovery from exercise has no upper limit in magnitude and duration in vivo in humans. Cell Rep Med. 2023;4(12):101324. PMC10772463.",
        "Deutz NE, Wolfe RR. Is there a maximal anabolic response to protein intake with a meal? Clin Nutr. 2013;32(2):309-313. PMC3595342."
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